PIE(8)				     Linux				PIE(8)

NAME
       PIE - Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced AQM algorithm

SYNOPSIS
       tc qdisc ... pie [ limit PACKETS ] [ target TIME ] [ tupdate TIME ] [
       alpha int ] [ beta int ] [ ecn | noecn ] [ bytemode | nobytemode ] [
       dq_rate_estimator | no_dq_rate_estimator ]


DESCRIPTION
       Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced (PIE) is a control theoretic
       active queue management scheme. It is based on the proportional
       integral controller but aims to control delay. The main design goals
       are
	o Low latency control
	o High link utilization
	o Simple implementation
	o Guaranteed stability and fast responsiveness


ALGORITHM
       PIE is designed to control delay effectively. First, an average dequeue
       rate is estimated based on the standing queue. The rate is used to
       calculate the current delay. Then, on a periodic basis, the delay is
       used to calculate the dropping probability. Finally, on arrival, a
       packet is dropped (or marked) based on this probability.

       PIE makes adjustments to the probability based on the trend of the
       delay i.e.  whether it is going up or down.The delay converges quickly
       to the target value specified.

       alpha and beta are statically chosen parameters chosen to control the
       drop probability growth and are determined through control theoretic
       approaches. alpha determines how the deviation between the current and
       target latency changes probability. beta exerts additional adjustments
       depending on the latency trend.

       The drop probability is used to mark packets in ecn mode. However, as
       in RED, beyond 10% packets are dropped based on this probability. The
       bytemode is used to drop packets proportional to the packet size.

       Additional details can be found in the paper cited below.


PARAMETERS
   limit
       limit on the queue size in packets. Incoming packets are dropped when
       this limit is reached. Default is 1000 packets.


   target
       is the expected queue delay. The default target delay is 15ms.


   tupdate
       is the frequency at which the system drop probability is calculated.
       The default is 15ms.


   alpha
   beta
       alpha and beta are parameters chosen to control the drop probability.
       These should be in the range between 0 and 32.


   ecn | noecn
       is used to mark packets instead of dropping.  ecn to turn on ecn mode,
       noecn to turn off ecn mode. By default, ecn is turned off.


   bytemode | nobytemode
       is used to scale drop probability proportional to packet size.
       bytemode to turn on bytemode, nobytemode to turn off bytemode. By
       default, bytemode is turned off.


   dq_rate_estimator | no_dq_rate_estimator
       is used to calculate delay using Little's law.  dq_rate_estimator to
       turn on dq_rate_estimator, no_dq_rate_estimator to turn off
       no_dq_rate_estimator. By default, dq_rate_estimator is turned off.


EXAMPLES
	# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie
	# tc -s qdisc show
	  qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000p target 15.0ms
       tupdate 16.0ms alpha 2 beta 20
	   Sent 31216108 bytes 20800 pkt (dropped 80, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
	   backlog 16654b 11p requeues 0
	    prob 0.006161 delay 15666us
	    pkts_in 20811 overlimit 0 dropped 80 maxq 50 ecn_mark 0

	# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie dq_rate_estimator
	# tc -s qdisc show
	  qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000p target 15.0ms
       tupdate 16.0ms alpha 2 beta 20
	   Sent 63947420 bytes 42414 pkt (dropped 41, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
	   backlog 271006b 179p requeues 0
	    prob 0.000092 delay 22200us avg_dq_rate 12145996
	    pkts_in 41 overlimit 343 dropped 0 maxq 50 ecn_mark 0

	# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie limit 100 target 20ms tupdate 30ms
       ecn
	# tc -s qdisc show
	  qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 100p target 20.0ms
       tupdate 32.0ms alpha 2 beta 20 ecn
	   Sent 6591724 bytes 4442 pkt (dropped 27, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
	   backlog 18168b 12p requeues 0
	    prob 0.008845 delay 11348us
	    pkts_in 4454 overlimit 0 dropped 27 maxq 65 ecn_mark 0

	# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie limit 100 target 50ms tupdate 30ms
       bytemode
	# tc -s qdisc show
	  qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 100p target 50.0ms
       tupdate 32.0ms alpha 2 beta 20 bytemode
	   Sent 1616274 bytes 1137 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
	   backlog 13626b 9p requeues 0
	    prob 0.000000 delay 0us
	    pkts_in 1146 overlimit 0 dropped 0 maxq 23 ecn_mark 0


SEE ALSO
       tc(8), tc-codel(8) tc-red(8)


SOURCES
	o RFC 8033: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8033


AUTHORS
       PIE was implemented by Vijay Subramanian and Mythili Prabhu, also the
       authors of this man page. Please report bugs and corrections to the
       Linux networking development mailing list at <netdev@vger.kernel.org>.

iproute2			16 January 2014				PIE(8)