stdlib.h(0P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		  stdlib.h(0P)

PROLOG
       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
       Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.

NAME
       stdlib.h — standard library definitions

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdlib.h>

DESCRIPTION
       Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the
       ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test
       macro (see the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2,
       The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols
       in this header.

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macros which shall
       expand to integer constant expressions:

       EXIT_FAILURE
		   Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-
		   zero value.

       EXIT_SUCCESS
		   Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.

       {RAND_MAX}  Maximum value returned by rand(); at least 32767.

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macro which shall
       expand to a positive integer expression with type size_t:

       {MB_CUR_MAX}
		   Maximum number of bytes in a character specified by the
		   current locale (category LC_CTYPE).

       In the POSIX locale the value of {MB_CUR_MAX} shall be 1.

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define NULL as described in <stddef.h>.

       The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following data types through
       typedef:

       div_t	   Structure type returned by the div() function.

       ldiv_t	   Structure type returned by the ldiv() function.

       lldiv_t	   Structure type returned by the lldiv() function.

       size_t	   As described in <stddef.h>.

       wchar_t	   As described in <stddef.h>.

       In addition, the <stdlib.h> header shall define the following symbolic
       constants and macros as described in <sys/wait.h>:

       WEXITSTATUS
       WIFEXITED
       WIFSIGNALED
       WIFSTOPPED
       WNOHANG
       WSTOPSIG
       WTERMSIG
       WUNTRACED

       The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as
       macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.


	   void		 _Exit(int);
	   long		 a64l(const char *);
	   void		 abort(void);
	   int		 abs(int);
	   int		 atexit(void (*)(void));
	   double	 atof(const char *);
	   int		 atoi(const char *);
	   long		 atol(const char *);
	   long long	 atoll(const char *);
	   void		*bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
			     int (*)(const void *, const void *));
	   void		*calloc(size_t, size_t);
	   div_t	 div(int, int);
	   double	 drand48(void);
	   double	 erand48(unsigned short [3]);
	   void		 exit(int);
	   void		 free(void *);
	   char		*getenv(const char *);
	   int		 getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
	   int		 grantpt(int);
	   char		*initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
	   long		 jrand48(unsigned short [3]);
	   char		*l64a(long);
	   long		 labs(long);
	   void		 lcong48(unsigned short [7]);
	   ldiv_t	 ldiv(long, long);
	   long long	 llabs(long long);
	   lldiv_t	 lldiv(long long, long long);
	   long		 lrand48(void);
	   void		*malloc(size_t);
	   int		 mblen(const char *, size_t);
	   size_t	 mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
	   int		 mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
	   char		*mkdtemp(char *);
	   int		 mkstemp(char *);
	   long		 mrand48(void);
	   long		 nrand48(unsigned short [3]);
	   int		 posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
	   int		 posix_openpt(int);
	   char		*ptsname(int);
	   int		 putenv(char *);
	   void		 qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
			     const void *));
	   int		 rand(void);
	   int		 rand_r(unsigned *);
	   long		 random(void);
	   void		*realloc(void *, size_t);
	   char		*realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
	   unsigned short *seed48(unsigned short [3]);
	   int		 setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
	   void		 setkey(const char *);
	   char		*setstate(char *);
	   void		 srand(unsigned);
	   void		 srand48(long);
	   void		 srandom(unsigned);
	   double	 strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
	   float	 strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
	   long		 strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
	   long double	 strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
	   long long	 strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
	   unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
	   unsigned long long
			 strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
	   int		 system(const char *);
	   int		 unlockpt(int);
	   int		 unsetenv(const char *);
	   size_t	 wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
	   int		 wctomb(char *, wchar_t);

       Inclusion of the <stdlib.h> header may also make visible all symbols
       from <stddef.h>, <limits.h>, <math.h>, and <sys/wait.h>.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       None.

RATIONALE
       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.

SEE ALSO
       <limits.h>, <math.h>, <stddef.h>, <sys_types.h>, <sys_wait.h>

       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2, The
       Compilation Environment, _Exit(), a64l(), abort(), abs(), atexit(),
       atof(), atoi(), atol(), bsearch(), calloc(), div(), drand48(), exit(),
       free(), getenv(), getsubopt(), grantpt(), initstate(), labs(), ldiv(),
       malloc(), mblen(), mbstowcs(), mbtowc(), mkdtemp(), posix_memalign(),
       posix_openpt(), ptsname(), putenv(), qsort(), rand(), realloc(),
       realpath(), setenv(), setkey(), strtod(), strtol(), strtoul(),
       system(), unlockpt(), unsetenv(), wcstombs(), wctomb()

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology --
       Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the
       Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
       Group.  In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the
       original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The
       Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can
       be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2017			  stdlib.h(0P)