stdint.h(0P)		   POSIX Programmer's Manual		  stdint.h(0P)

PROLOG
       This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
       Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
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NAME
       stdint.h — integer types

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdint.h>

DESCRIPTION
       Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the
       ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test
       macro (see the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2,
       The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols
       in this header.

       The <stdint.h> header shall declare sets of integer types having
       specified widths, and shall define corresponding sets of macros. It
       shall also define macros that specify limits of integer types
       corresponding to types defined in other standard headers.

       Note:	 The ``width'' of an integer type is the number of bits used
		 to store its value in a pure binary system; the actual type
		 may use more bits than that (for example, a 28-bit type could
		 be stored in 32 bits of actual storage). An N-bit signed type
		 has values in the range -2N-1 or 1-2N-1 to 2N-1-1, while an
		 N-bit unsigned type has values in the range 0 to 2N-1.

       Types are defined in the following categories:

	*  Integer types having certain exact widths

	*  Integer types having at least certain specified widths

	*  Fastest integer types having at least certain specified widths

	*  Integer types wide enough to hold pointers to objects

	*  Integer types having greatest width

       (Some of these types may denote the same type.)

       Corresponding macros specify limits of the declared types and construct
       suitable constants.

       For each type described herein that the implementation provides, the
       <stdint.h> header shall declare that typedef name and define the
       associated macros. Conversely, for each type described herein that the
       implementation does not provide, the <stdint.h> header shall not
       declare that typedef name, nor shall it define the associated macros.
       An implementation shall provide those types described as required, but
       need not provide any of the others (described as optional).

   Integer Types
       When typedef names differing only in the absence or presence of the
       initial u are defined, they shall denote corresponding signed and
       unsigned types as described in the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard, Section
       6.2.5; an implementation providing one of these corresponding types
       shall also provide the other.

       In the following descriptions, the symbol N represents an unsigned
       decimal integer with no leading zeros (for example, 8 or 24, but not 04
       or 048).

	*  Exact-width integer types

	   The typedef name intN_t designates a signed integer type with width
	   N, no padding bits, and a two's-complement representation. Thus,
	   int8_t denotes a signed integer type with a width of exactly 8
	   bits.

	   The typedef name uintN_t designates an unsigned integer type with
	   width N.  Thus, uint24_t denotes an unsigned integer type with a
	   width of exactly 24 bits.

	   The following types are required:

	   int8_t
	   int16_t
	   int32_t
	   uint8_t
	   uint16_t
	   uint32_t

	   If an implementation provides integer types with width 64 that meet
	   these requirements, then the following types are required: int64_t
	   uint64_t

	   In particular, this will be the case if any of the following are
	   true:

	   --  The implementation supports the _POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG
	       programming environment and the application is being built in
	       the _POSIX_V7_ILP32_OFFBIG programming environment (see the
	       Shell and Utilities volume of POSIX.1‐2017, c99, Programming
	       Environments).

	   --  The implementation supports the _POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64
	       programming environment and the application is being built in
	       the _POSIX_V7_LP64_OFF64 programming environment.

	   --  The implementation supports the _POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG
	       programming environment and the application is being built in
	       the _POSIX_V7_LPBIG_OFFBIG programming environment.

	   All other types of this form are optional.

	*  Minimum-width integer types

	   The typedef name int_leastN_t designates a signed integer type with
	   a width of at least N, such that no signed integer type with lesser
	   size has at least the specified width. Thus, int_least32_t denotes
	   a signed integer type with a width of at least 32 bits.

	   The typedef name uint_leastN_t designates an unsigned integer type
	   with a width of at least N, such that no unsigned integer type with
	   lesser size has at least the specified width. Thus, uint_least16_t
	   denotes an unsigned integer type with a width of at least 16 bits.

	   The following types are required: int_least8_t int_least16_t
	   int_least32_t int_least64_t uint_least8_t uint_least16_t
	   uint_least32_t uint_least64_t

	   All other types of this form are optional.

	*  Fastest minimum-width integer types

	   Each of the following types designates an integer type that is
	   usually fastest to operate with among all integer types that have
	   at least the specified width.

	   The designated type is not guaranteed to be fastest for all
	   purposes; if the implementation has no clear grounds for choosing
	   one type over another, it will simply pick some integer type
	   satisfying the signedness and width requirements.

	   The typedef name int_fastN_t designates the fastest signed integer
	   type with a width of at least N.  The typedef name uint_fastN_t
	   designates the fastest unsigned integer type with a width of at
	   least N.

	   The following types are required: int_fast8_t int_fast16_t
	   int_fast32_t int_fast64_t uint_fast8_t uint_fast16_t uint_fast32_t
	   uint_fast64_t

	   All other types of this form are optional.

	*  Integer types capable of holding object pointers

	   The following type designates a signed integer type with the
	   property that any valid pointer to void can be converted to this
	   type, then converted back to a pointer to void, and the result will
	   compare equal to the original pointer: intptr_t

	   The following type designates an unsigned integer type with the
	   property that any valid pointer to void can be converted to this
	   type, then converted back to a pointer to void, and the result will
	   compare equal to the original pointer: uintptr_t

	   On XSI-conformant systems, the intptr_t and uintptr_t types are
	   required; otherwise, they are optional.

	*  Greatest-width integer types

	   The following type designates a signed integer type capable of
	   representing any value of any signed integer type: intmax_t

	   The following type designates an unsigned integer type capable of
	   representing any value of any unsigned integer type: uintmax_t

	   These types are required.

       Note:	 Applications can test for optional types by using the
		 corresponding limit macro from Limits of Specified-Width
		 Integer Types.

   Limits of Specified-Width Integer Types
       The following macros specify the minimum and maximum limits of the
       types declared in the <stdint.h> header. Each macro name corresponds to
       a similar type name in Integer Types.

       Each instance of any defined macro shall be replaced by a constant
       expression suitable for use in #if preprocessing directives, and this
       expression shall have the same type as would an expression that is an
       object of the corresponding type converted according to the integer
       promotions. Its implementation-defined value shall be equal to or
       greater in magnitude (absolute value) than the corresponding value
       given below, with the same sign, except where stated to be exactly the
       given value.

	*  Limits of exact-width integer types

	   --  Minimum values of exact-width signed integer types:

	       {INTN_MIN}      Exactly -(2 ^ N -1)

	   --  Maximum values of exact-width signed integer types:

	       {INTN_MAX}      Exactly 2 ^ N -1 -1

	   --  Maximum values of exact-width unsigned integer types:

	       {UINTN_MAX}     Exactly 2 ^ N -1

	*  Limits of minimum-width integer types

	   --  Minimum values of minimum-width signed integer types:

	       {INT_LEASTN_MIN}
			       -(2 ^ N -1 -1)

	   --  Maximum values of minimum-width signed integer types:

	       {INT_LEASTN_MAX}
			       2 ^ N -1 -1

	   --  Maximum values of minimum-width unsigned integer types:

	       {UINT_LEASTN_MAX}
			       2 ^ N -1

	*  Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types

	   --  Minimum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer types:

	       {INT_FASTN_MIN} -(2 ^ N -1 -1)

	   --  Maximum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer types:

	       {INT_FASTN_MAX} 2 ^ N -1 -1

	   --  Maximum values of fastest minimum-width unsigned integer types:

	       {UINT_FASTN_MAX}
			       2 ^ N -1

	*  Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers

	   --  Minimum value of pointer-holding signed integer type:

	       {INTPTR_MIN}    -(2 ^ 15 -1)

	   --  Maximum value of pointer-holding signed integer type:

	       {INTPTR_MAX}    2 ^ 15 -1

	   --  Maximum value of pointer-holding unsigned integer type:

	       {UINTPTR_MAX}   2 ^ 16 -1

	*  Limits of greatest-width integer types

	   --  Minimum value of greatest-width signed integer type:

	       {INTMAX_MIN}    -(2 ^ 63 -1)

	   --  Maximum value of greatest-width signed integer type:

	       {INTMAX_MAX}    2 ^ 63 -1

	   --  Maximum value of greatest-width unsigned integer type:

	       {UINTMAX_MAX}   2 ^ 64 -1

   Limits of Other Integer Types
       The following macros specify the minimum and maximum limits of integer
       types corresponding to types defined in other standard headers.

       Each instance of these macros shall be replaced by a constant
       expression suitable for use in #if preprocessing directives, and this
       expression shall have the same type as would an expression that is an
       object of the corresponding type converted according to the integer
       promotions. Its implementation-defined value shall be equal to or
       greater in magnitude (absolute value) than the corresponding value
       given below, with the same sign.

	*  Limits of ptrdiff_t:

	   {PTRDIFF_MIN}   -65535

	   {PTRDIFF_MAX}   +65535

	*  Limits of sig_atomic_t:

	   {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN}
			   See below.

	   {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX}
			   See below.

	*  Limit of size_t:

	   {SIZE_MAX}	   65535

	*  Limits of wchar_t:

	   {WCHAR_MIN}	   See below.

	   {WCHAR_MAX}	   See below.

	*  Limits of wint_t:

	   {WINT_MIN}	   See below.

	   {WINT_MAX}	   See below.

       If sig_atomic_t (see the <signal.h> header) is defined as a signed
       integer type, the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN} shall be no greater than
       -127 and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX} shall be no less than 127;
       otherwise, sig_atomic_t shall be defined as an unsigned integer type,
       and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of
       {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX} shall be no less than 255.

       If wchar_t (see the <stddef.h> header) is defined as a signed integer
       type, the value of {WCHAR_MIN} shall be no greater than -127 and the
       value of {WCHAR_MAX} shall be no less than 127; otherwise, wchar_t
       shall be defined as an unsigned integer type, and the value of
       {WCHAR_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of {WCHAR_MAX} shall be no less
       than 255.

       If wint_t (see the <wchar.h> header) is defined as a signed integer
       type, the value of {WINT_MIN} shall be no greater than -32767 and the
       value of {WINT_MAX} shall be no less than 32767; otherwise, wint_t
       shall be defined as an unsigned integer type, and the value of
       {WINT_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of {WINT_MAX} shall be no less than
       65535.

   Macros for Integer Constant Expressions
       The following macros expand to integer constant expressions suitable
       for initializing objects that have integer types corresponding to types
       defined in the <stdint.h> header. Each macro name corresponds to a
       similar type name listed under Minimum-width integer types and
       Greatest-width integer types.

       Each invocation of one of these macros shall expand to an integer
       constant expression suitable for use in #if preprocessing directives.
       The type of the expression shall have the same type as would an
       expression that is an object of the corresponding type converted
       according to the integer promotions. The value of the expression shall
       be that of the argument.

       The argument in any instance of these macros shall be an unsuffixed
       integer constant with a value that does not exceed the limits for the
       corresponding type.

	*  Macros for minimum-width integer constant expressions

	   The macro INTN_C(value) shall expand to an integer constant
	   expression corresponding to the type int_leastN_t.  The macro
	   UINTN_C(value) shall expand to an integer constant expression
	   corresponding to the type uint_leastN_t.  For example, if
	   uint_least64_t is a name for the type unsigned long long, then
	   UINT64_C(0x123) might expand to the integer constant 0x123ULL.

	*  Macros for greatest-width integer constant expressions

	   The following macro expands to an integer constant expression
	   having the value specified by its argument and the type intmax_t:
	   INTMAX_C(value)

	   The following macro expands to an integer constant expression
	   having the value specified by its argument and the type uintmax_t:
	   UINTMAX_C(value)

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE
       None.

RATIONALE
       The <stdint.h> header is a subset of the <inttypes.h> header more
       suitable for use in freestanding environments, which might not support
       the formatted I/O functions. In some environments, if the formatted
       conversion support is not wanted, using this header instead of the
       <inttypes.h> header avoids defining such a large number of macros.

       As a consequence of adding int8_t, the following are true:

	*  A byte is exactly 8 bits.

	*  {CHAR_BIT} has the value 8, {SCHAR_MAX} has the value 127,
	   {SCHAR_MIN} has the value -128, and {UCHAR_MAX} has the value 255.

       (The POSIX standard explicitly requires 8-bit char and two's-complement
       arithmetic.)

FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       typedef names beginning with int or uint and ending with _t may be
       added to the types defined in the <stdint.h> header. Macro names
       beginning with INT or UINT and ending with _MAX, _MIN, or _C may be
       added to the macros defined in the <stdint.h> header.

SEE ALSO
       <inttypes.h>, <signal.h>, <stddef.h>, <wchar.h>

       The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2, The
       Compilation Environment

COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology --
       Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the
       Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open
       Group.  In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the
       original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The
       Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can
       be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

       Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
       most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
       files to man page format. To report such errors, see
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

IEEE/The Open Group		     2017			  stdint.h(0P)