LSBLK(8)		     System Administration		      LSBLK(8)

NAME
       lsblk - list block devices

SYNOPSIS
       lsblk [options] [device...]

DESCRIPTION
       lsblk lists information about all available or the specified block
       devices. The lsblk command reads the sysfs filesystem and udev db to
       gather information. If the udev db is not available or lsblk is
       compiled without udev support, then it tries to read LABELs, UUIDs and
       filesystem types from the block device. In this case root permissions
       are necessary.

       By default, the command prints all block devices (except RAM disks) in
       a tree-like format. The same device can be repeated in the tree if it
       relates to other devices. The --merge option is recommended for more
       complicated setups to gather groups of devices and describe complex N:M
       relationships.

       The tree-like output (or children[] array in the JSON output) is
       enabled only if NAME column it present in the output or when --tree
       command line option is used. See also --nodeps and --list to control
       the tree formatting.

       The default output, as well as the default output from options like
       --fs and --topology, is subject to change. So whenever possible, you
       should avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly
       define expected columns by using --output columns-list and --list in
       environments where a stable output is required.

       Use lsblk --list-columns to get a list of all available columns.

       Note that lsblk might be executed in time when udev does not have all
       information about recently added or modified devices yet. In this case
       it is recommended to use udevadm settle before lsblk to synchronize
       with udev.

       The relationship between block devices and filesystems is not always
       one-to-one. The filesystem may use more block devices, or the same
       filesystem may be accessible by more paths. This is the reason why
       lsblk provides MOUNTPOINT and MOUNTPOINTS (pl.) columns. The column
       MOUNTPOINT displays only one mount point (usually the last mounted
       instance of the filesystem), and the column MOUNTPOINTS displays by
       multi-line cell all mount points associated with the device.

OPTIONS
       -A, --noempty
	   Don’t print empty devices.

       -a, --all
	   Disable all built-in filters and list all empty devices and RAM
	   disk devices too.

       -b, --bytes
	   Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human-readable format.

	   By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit
	   prefixes are in power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are
	   exhibited truncated in order to reach a better readability, by
	   exhibiting alone the first letter of them; examples: "1 KiB" and "1
	   MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M", then omitting
	   on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.

       -H, --list-columns
	   List the available columns, use with --json or --raw to get output
	   in machine-readable format.

       -D, --discard
	   Print information about the discarding capabilities (TRIM, UNMAP)
	   for each device.

       -d, --nodeps
	   Do not print holder devices or slaves. For example, lsblk --nodeps
	   /dev/sda prints information about the sda device only.

       -E, --dedup column
	   Use column as a de-duplication key to de-duplicate output tree. If
	   the key is not available for the device, or the device is a
	   partition and parental whole-disk device provides the same key than
	   the device is always printed.

	   The usual use case is to de-duplicate output on system multi-path
	   devices, for example by -E WWN.

       -e, --exclude list
	   Exclude the devices specified by the comma-separated list of major
	   device numbers. Note that RAM disks (major=1) are excluded by
	   default if --all is not specified. The filter is applied to the
	   top-level devices only. This may be confusing for --list output
	   format where hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.

       -f, --fs
	   Output info about filesystems. This option is equivalent to -o
	   NAME,FSTYPE,FSVER,LABEL,UUID,FSAVAIL,FSUSE%,MOUNTPOINTS. The
	   authoritative information about filesystems and raids is provided
	   by the blkid(8) command.

       --hyperlink[=mode]
	   Print mountpoint paths as terminal hyperlinks. The mode can be set
	   to "always", "never", or "auto". The optional argument when can be
	   set to "auto", "never", or "always". If the when argument is
	   omitted, it will default to "auto". The "auto" setting means that
	   hyperlinks will only be used if the output is on a terminal.

       -I, --include list
	   Include devices specified by the comma-separated list of major
	   device numbers. The filter is applied to the top-level devices
	   only. This may be confusing for --list output format where
	   hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.

       -i, --ascii
	   Use ASCII characters for tree formatting.

       -J, --json
	   Use JSON output format. It’s strongly recommended to use --output
	   and also --tree if necessary. Note that children[] is used only if
	   NAME column or --tree is used.

       -l, --list
	   Produce output in the form of a list. The output does not provide
	   information about relationships between devices and since version
	   2.34 every device is printed only once if --pairs or --raw not
	   specified (the parsable outputs are maintained in backwardly
	   compatible way).

       -M, --merge
	   Group parents of sub-trees to provide more readable output for
	   RAIDs and Multi-path devices. The tree-like output is required.

       -m, --perms
	   Output info about device owner, group and mode. This option is
	   equivalent to -o NAME,SIZE,OWNER,GROUP,MODE.

       -N, --nvme
	   Output info about NVMe devices only.

       -v, --virtio
	   Output info about virtio devices only.

       -n, --noheadings
	   Do not print a header line.

       -o, --output list
	   Specify which output columns to print. Use --list-columns to get a
	   list of all supported columns. The columns may affect tree-like
	   output. The default is to use tree for the column 'NAME' (see also
	   --tree).

	   The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in
	   the format +list (e.g., lsblk -o +UUID).

       -O, --output-all
	   Output all available columns.

       -P, --pairs
	   Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. The output lines
	   are still ordered by dependencies. All potentially unsafe value
	   characters are hex-escaped (\x<code>). See also option --shell.

       -p, --paths
	   Print full device paths.

       -Q, --filter expr
	   Print only the devices that meet the conditions specified by the
	   expr. The filter is assessed prior to lsblk collecting data for all
	   output columns. Only the necessary data for the lazy evaluation of
	   the expression is retrieved from the system. This approach can
	   enhance performance when compared to post-filtering, as commonly
	   done by tools such as grep(1).

	   This feature is EXPERIMENTAL. See also scols-filter(5). For example
	   exclude sda	and sdb, but print everything else ('!~' is a negative
	   regular expression matching operator):

	      lsblk --filter 'NAME !~ "sd[ab]"'

       --highlight expr
	   Colorize lines matching the expression.  This feature is
	   EXPERIMENTAL. See also scols-filter(5).

       --ct name [: param [: function ]]
	   Define a custom counter. The counters are printed after the
	   standard output.  The name is the custom name of the counter, the
	   optional param is the name of the column to be used for the
	   counter, and the optional function specifies the aggregation
	   function, supported functions are: count, min, max, or sum. The
	   default is count.

	   If the param is not specified, then the counter counts the number
	   of lines. This feature is EXPERIMENTAL. See also --ct-filter.

	   For example, --ct MyCounter:SIZE:sum will count the summary for
	   SIZE from all lines; and to count the number of SATA disks, it is
	   possible to use:

	      lsblk --ct-filter 'TYPE=="disk" && TRAN=="sata"' --ct "Number of SATA devices"

       --ct-filter expr
	   Define a restriction for the next counter. This feature is
	   EXPERIMENTAL. See also --ct and scols-filter(5). For example,
	   aggregate sizes by device type:

	      lsblk --ct-filter 'TYPE=="part"' --ct Partitions:SIZE:sum \
		    --ct-filter 'TYPE=="disk"' --ct WholeDisks:SIZE:sum

       -r, --raw
	   Produce output in raw format. The output lines are still ordered by
	   dependencies. All potentially unsafe characters are hex-escaped
	   (\x<code>) in the NAME, KNAME, LABEL, PARTLABEL and MOUNTPOINT
	   columns.

       -S, --scsi
	   Output info about SCSI devices only. All partitions, slaves and
	   holder devices are ignored.

       -s, --inverse
	   Print dependencies in inverse order. If the --list output is
	   requested then the lines are still ordered by dependencies.

       -T, --tree[=column]
	   Force tree-like output format. If column is specified, then a tree
	   is printed in the column. The default is NAME column.

       -t, --topology
	   Output info about block-device topology. This option is equivalent
	   to

	   -o
	   NAME,ALIGNMENT,MIN-IO,OPT-IO,PHY-SEC,LOG-SEC,ROTA,SCHED,RQ-SIZE,RA,WSAME.

       -w, --width number
	   Specifies output width as a number of characters. The default is
	   the number of the terminal columns, and if not executed on a
	   terminal, then output width is not restricted at all by default.
	   This option also forces lsblk to assume that terminal control
	   characters and unsafe characters are not allowed. The expected
	   use-case is for example when lsblk is used by the watch(1) command.

       -x, --sort column
	   Sort output lines by column. This option enables --list output
	   format by default. It is possible to use the option --tree to force
	   tree-like output and than the tree branches are sorted by the
	   column.

       -y, --shell
	   The column name will be modified to contain only characters allowed
	   for shell variable identifiers, for example, MIN_IO and FSUSE_PCT
	   instead of MIN-IO and FSUSE%. This is usable, for example, with
	   --pairs. Note that this feature has been automatically enabled for
	   --pairs in version 2.37, but due to compatibility issues, now it’s
	   necessary to request this behavior by --shell.

       -z, --zoned
	   Print the zone related information for each device.

       --sysroot directory
	   Gather data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which
	   the lsblk command is issued. The specified directory is the system
	   root of the Linux instance to be inspected. The real device nodes
	   in the target directory can be replaced by text files with udev
	   attributes.

       --properties-by list
	   This option specifies the methods used by lsblk to gather
	   information about filesystems and partition tables. The list is a
	   comma-separated list of method names. The default setting is
	   "file,udev,blkid". The supported methods are:

	   udev
	       Reads data from udev DB. If unsuccessful, it continues to the
	       next probing method.

	   blkid
	       Reads data directly from the device using libblkid. If
	       unsuccessful, it continues to the next probing method.

	   file
	       Reads data from a file. This method is only used if the
	       --sysroot option is specified. This method always stops probing
	       if used.

	   none
	       Does not probe. This method always stops probing.

       -h, --help
	   Display help text and exit.

       -V, --version
	   Display version and exit.

EXIT STATUS
       0
	   success

       1
	   failure

       32
	   none of specified devices found

       64
	   some specified devices found, some not found

ENVIRONMENT
       LSBLK_DEBUG=all
	   enables lsblk debug output.

       LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
	   enables libblkid debug output.

       LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
	   enables libmount debug output.

       LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
	   enables libsmartcols debug output.

       LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
	   use visible padding characters.

NOTES
       For partitions, some information (e.g., queue attributes) is inherited
       from the parent device.

       The lsblk command needs to be able to look up each block device by
       major:minor numbers, which is done by using /sys/dev/block. This sysfs
       block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008). In case of
       problems with a new enough kernel, check that CONFIG_SYSFS was enabled
       at the time of the kernel build.

AUTHORS
       Milan Broz <gmazyland@gmail.com>, Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>

SEE ALSO
       blkid(8), findmnt(8) ls(1), scols-filter(5)

REPORTING BUGS
       For bug reports, use the issue tracker
       <https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues>.

AVAILABILITY
       The lsblk command is part of the util-linux package which can be
       downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
       <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.

util-linux 2.41.2		  2025-09-22			      LSBLK(8)