DU(1)				 User Commands				 DU(1)

NAME
       du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS
       du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
       Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for
       directories.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       -0, --null
	      end each output line with NUL, not newline

       -a, --all
	      write counts for all files, not just directories

       --apparent-size
	      print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the
	      apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to holes
	      in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks,
	      and the like

       -B, --block-size=SIZE
	      scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints
	      sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below

       -b, --bytes
	      equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

       -c, --total
	      produce a grand total

       -D, --dereference-args
	      dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line

       -d, --max-depth=N
	      print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it
	      is N or fewer levels below the command line argument;
	      --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize

       --files0-from=F
	      summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names
	      specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from standard
	      input

       -H     equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

       -h, --human-readable
	      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --inodes
	      list inode usage information instead of block usage

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -L, --dereference
	      dereference all symbolic links

       -l, --count-links
	      count sizes many times if hard linked

       -m     like --block-size=1M

       -P, --no-dereference
	      don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

       -S, --separate-dirs
	      for directories do not include size of subdirectories

       --si   like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -s, --summarize
	      display only a total for each argument

       -t, --threshold=SIZE
	      exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries
	      greater than SIZE if negative

       --time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory,
	      or any of its subdirectories

       --time=WORD
	      show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access,
	      use, ctime or status

       --time-style=STYLE
	      show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso,
	      or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'

       -X, --exclude-from=FILE
	      exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

       --exclude=PATTERN
	      exclude files that match PATTERN

       -x, --one-file-system
	      skip directories on different file systems

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from
       --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE
       environment variables.  Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512
       if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

       The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
       10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,...
       (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and
       so on.

PATTERNS
       PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression).  The pattern ?
       matches any one character, whereas * matches any string (composed of
       zero, one or multiple characters).  For example, *.o will match any
       files whose names end in .o.  Therefore, the command

	      du --exclude='*.o'

       will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file
       .o itself).

AUTHOR
       Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim
       Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
       GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.	License GPLv3+: GNU
       GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.8		September 2025				 DU(1)