DIR(1)				 User Commands				DIR(1)

NAME
       dir - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       dir [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
       Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is
       specified.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       -a, --all
	      do not ignore entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
	      do not list implied . and ..

       --author
	      with -l, print the author of each file

       -b, --escape
	      print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
	      with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g.,
	      '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below

       -B, --ignore-backups
	      do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last change of file
	      status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
	      otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
	      color the output WHEN; more info below

       -d, --directory
	      list directories themselves, not their contents

       -D, --dired
	      generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     same as -a -U

       -F, --classify[=WHEN]
	      append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries WHEN

       --file-type
	      likewise, except do not append '*'

       --format=WORD
	      across,horizontal (-x), commas (-m), long (-l), single-column
	      (-1), verbose (-l), vertical (-C)

       --full-time
	      like -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     like -l, but do not list owner

       --group-directories-first
	      group directories before files

       -G, --no-group
	      in a long listing, don't print group names

       -h, --human-readable
	      with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line
	      follow symbolic links listed on the command line

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
	      follow each command line symbolic link that points to a
	      directory

       --hide=PATTERN
	      do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden
	      by -a or -A)

       --hyperlink[=WHEN]
	      hyperlink file names WHEN

       --indicator-style=WORD
	      append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default),
	      slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)

       -i, --inode
	      print the index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
	      do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kibibytes
	      default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only
	      with -s and per directory totals

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
	      when showing file information for a symbolic link, show
	      information for the file the link references rather than for the
	      link itself

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
	      like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

       -N, --literal
	      print entry names without quoting

       -o     like -l, but do not list group information

       -p, --indicator-style=slash
	      append / indicator to directories

       -q, --hide-control-chars
	      print ? instead of nongraphic characters

       --show-control-chars
	      show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is
	      'ls' and output is a terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name
	      enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
	      use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell,
	      shell-always, shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape
	      (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)

       -r, --reverse
	      reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
	      list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
	      print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size, largest first

       --sort=WORD
	      change default 'name' sort to WORD: none (-U), size (-S), time
	      (-t), version (-v), extension (-X), name, width

       --time=WORD
	      select which timestamp used to display or sort; access time
	      (-u): atime, access, use; metadata change time (-c): ctime,
	      status; modified time (default): mtime, modification; birth
	      time: birth, creation;

	      with -l, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort=time,
	      sort by WORD (newest first)

       --time-style=TIME_STYLE
	      time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

       -t     sort by time, newest first; see --time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
	      assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access
	      time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest
	      first

       -U     do not sort directory entries

       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text

       -w, --width=COLS
	      set output width to COLS.	 0 means no limit

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -Z, --context
	      print any security context of each file

       --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline

       -1     list one file per line

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
       10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,...
       (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and
       so on.

       The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or
       +FORMAT.	 FORMAT is interpreted like in date(1).	 If FORMAT is
       FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and
       FORMAT2 to recent files.	 TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes
       effect only outside the POSIX locale.  Also the TIME_STYLE environment
       variable sets the default style to use.

       The WHEN argument defaults to 'always' and can also be 'auto' or
       'never'.

       Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
       with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
       standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment
       variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors(1) command to set
       it.

   Exit status:
       0      if OK,

       1      if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

       2      if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

AUTHOR
       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
       GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.	License GPLv3+: GNU
       GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/dir>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) dir invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.8		September 2025				DIR(1)